Pneumatic and other tires.



H. G. SHBARMAN.

PATENTED APR. 28, 1908.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 885,796. PATENTED APR. 28, 1908.

H; 0. SHEARMAN.

PNEUMATIC AND OTHER TIRES;

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 13, 1903.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED APR. 28, 1908. H. C. SHEARMAN.

PNEUMATIC AND OTHER TIRES.

APPLICATION IILBD JUNE 1a, 1903.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET a.

WJZQWa PATENTED 'APR. 28; 1908.

. H. G. SHEARMAN.

PNEUMATIC AND OTHER TIRES.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 13, 19 03.

4 SHEBTSSHEET 4.

- HENRY CLIFTON SHEARMAN, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

PNEUMATIC AND OTHER TIRES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 28, 1908.

Application filed June 13, 1903. Serial No. 161,287.

To all whom it may concern: t

Be it known that I, HENRY CLIFTON SHEARMAN, of the cit and county of Providence and State of hode Island, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in Pneumatic and other Tires, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to produce a pneumatic tire which. is with difficultypunc: tured and transversely cut, and which is so constructed that when (such punctures or transverse cuts do occur the tendency is for them to automatically close and prevent the leakage of air; and, further, such a construction as will admit of the speedy removal of a badly mutilated portion of tire and the substltution of a repair section therefor, besides allowing various modifications and changes in the Way of repair and additions of .improvements as hereinafter set forth; and my invention further has for its object the use of a detachable tread-band; means for com pacting its material and regulating its length; an adaptation of a tire to receive said treadband and its puncture-proof lining springs; means for preventing the slipping of tire on icy ground; means for sealing the ends of a pneumatic tube and regulating the length of same, and means for facilitating the adjustment and removal of tire and tighteningand securing it-to rim of wheel.

.1 My invention consists in certain features of construction, arran ementand combination of parts as hereina ter fully set forth-and specifically described in the claims. v I have devised the herein shown and describedtire as a preferred form underwhich l to present the interrelationship of the various' ;.features of my invention as ap lied to ahtire. Yet, many of the features 0 my invention are not confined to a special class of tire, but maybe used on tires in general; and some features consist of such a novel and simple arrangement and combination of layers of rubber, or other suitable substance,

. and layers of textile fabric that their use is not limited to tires but is of value when they are embodied in hose piping, rubber tubing and other vessels wherein a layer of textile fabric in union with a layer of compacted rubber may be. made an integral part to secure the puncture closing feature.

Before presenting the detailed description of m improved tire, with the assistanceof the rawings, I deem it advisablefor a more thorough and exact understanding of thedrawings and claims to (give a general outline of the see e possesse by the automatic puncture-c osing feature andthe numerous distinct methods of securing and intensifying tions relating to resistance to puncture, self closing punctures and transverse cuts, and neat sectional repair insertions, I prefer. to

. make use of several layers or thicknesses of the same, or of differing material integrall united by cement, by layers of rubber vu canized or fused in contact with the thicknesses of fabric chosen, or, other means whereby a certain elasticit is im arted to themass of crossed threa s or fi ers as a whole-the threads in different layers preferably extending in' different directions in adjacent thicknesses to assist in mutually supporting crossed threads against incision and assist 1n restraining .the tendenc of crossed threads, when obliquely out, to ulge under the ressure of inflation.

T 10. construction of the tire admits of the material forming the body of the tire, tread recess and detachable tread-band being of one piececapable of being transversely severed at right an les to the tire; or, by the use of the detachable rim bands, it may be made up in sections; or, it may itself be a section of a band or tube molded in the form of a tier of spiral loops.

By the use of the loop construction of thetire (with normally passing ends) on a wheel rim of greater diameter than that of the loop, and whereon the ends are made to unite, the elastic material at tread is abnormally compressed, or compacted, longitudinally on inilation as compared with its normal relationship to the textile material in the normal 100 form, In addition to this abnormal use of t e normal relationship of elastic material to the textile fabric, I make use of apermanent abnormal relationship of elastic layers to layers of, preferably, non-stretching fabric (1 c. a fabric non-stretching in directions at right angles at the same time, as would be a knitted fabric, but which may, and preferably does, include a-bias cut band) to secure the permanent compacted feature of a layer of elastic materlal which shall possess the of rubber and a layer or tube of textile material-each possessing separately the same normal loop form required intheir union to constitute the desired loop construction.

2. The integral union of one or more layers of textile fabric with cement or with an impregnation of a solution of rubber, or other suitable elastic substance, while said fabric is stretched, molded or otherwise formed in the shape of a loop of a coil.

3. The integral union of one or more la ers of textile fabric possessing the form of a fbop of a coil and a layer or tube of rubber stretched, cemented and vulcanized, or fused therewith while held, molded or inflated in its normal loop form.

The permanent compaction of material of tire I secure by different specific means, yet each may be a step in one continuous process in the tires construction, as exemplified in the treatment of the same, or of a different layer, and a reverse use in the same tire of a layer so treated, or, the use of a layer treated They include:

1. The integral union of a layer of textile fabric (which has preferably been im regnated with a solution of rubber and vu canized) with a layer of rubber, which isrolled or curved about it without stretchin forming an outer covering which is preferab y vulcanized -while thus curved; and the integral union, referably by cement, of the surface of texti efabric-remaining uncovered with a second layer of rubber which is curved or rolled about it Without stretchingthe curve being the reverse of former curve-to form a layer of textile fabric provided with compacted rubber surfaces.

2. The integral union by cement, or other means, along the inner tread portion of the tire of a layer of textile fabric having a lining of rubber, which was normally integrally united and molded therewith as an outer cov ering possessing the ap roximate curves of the tread of the tire, utboth fabric and rubber layer made to assume curves, in relation to the tire, the reverse of their normal molded formto secure a compacted inner tread rubber lining.

3. The integral union by cement, or other means, of a-band or tube of textile material and a layer or tube of textile fabric having a lining of rubber, which was normally integrally united and molded therewith as an outer covering, possessing the approximate sear/9e curves of said band or tube but both fabric and rubber made to assume curves in relation to said band or tube the reverse of their normal molded form to secure a compacted rubber lining to said band or tube.

4. The integral unionby cement, vulcanizing, or. other means, of a band or tube of textile material of free-ended, loop or annular form, open or closed longitudinally, having a compacted lining of rubber, which was normally made" integral with said band or tube as an outer covering, and a layer of rubber or other suitable elastic substance, of less trans-. verse circumferential curve than said band or tube, to form an outer covering to said and or tube which shall be compacted.

As any tendency in a layer of material to resist puncture, or, to close it when made, is a most desirable feature in a tire, I employ said compacted layer both as an inner surface lining and as an outer covering, and extend its use to the tread recess and detachable tread-band, wliile'even the inner tube is made with a compacted tread portion which is uncture closing, even when inflated away from the casing, if the puncture does not sever the fibers of its integral fabric. Thus it is obvious that this feature of my invention is equally applicable to hose piping and other tubing, as well as to the surface of any vessel, wherein either a puncture closing lining or covering is desirable, to retain or exclude liquids or gases throughout the entire surface or only in portions of same.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows the lever attaching device in connection with a tire casing, open at rim, before being forced to its seat on wheel rim; a section of the rim of wheel shown cut diagonally to bed-plate and removed, and a portlon of end of easing also removed to show attachment of rim bands to lever device. tion of wheel rim showing endlate of lever device with its attachments in p ace on wheel rim. Fig. 3 shows under view of lever endplates and attachments when closed. Fig. 4 shows an upper view of same. Fig. 5 shows a side viewof lever device and the relative positions of lever bearings to secure automatic fastening when in contact with lever bed-plate. Fig. 6 shows a rear view of an end-plate. and means to secure a rocking bearing contact of lever with same. Fig. 7 shows a view of upper surface of a modified form of lever device adapted to the use of a single band.' In this modification, the bedplate E is a proximately of the width of Wheel rim an consists of a frame adapted to be sunk in the bed of a concave wheel rim, and flush with it, whose sides conform in curve to that of edges of wheel rim and whose ends to that of the concavity of rim. This construction allows the lever ends to have a bearin within a thickened portion on each side of I ed-plate'above the curve of rim-band Fig. 2 shows a transverse secpass below-said surface of bed-p ate. I

shows a transverse section of a tire and when tire is in lace, owing to the upper surface of both be late and levers being made to conform to t e concavity of wheel rim, and levers and end-plates bein allowfid to wheel rim provided with same (at line y-y of Fig. 7) and shows center of bearing above that of band. Fig. 9. shows a rear view ofl an end-plate shown in Fig. 7 with lever pivoted to end-plate. Fig. 10 shows a transverse section of a tube consisting of an outer tube of rubber integrally united, preferably by vulcanizing, to an inner textile layer, shown in the form of a tube, while said textilelayer is stretched. Fig. 11 shows the tube -reversed; one end having been turned within and drawn through. the tube presenting a thickened and compacted lining to textile layer. Fig. 12 shows, in addition to Fig. 11, an inner linin of textile material integrally united prefera ly by cement while stretched to compacted tube of rubber and, in addition, that the tube of rubber may be severed between theedges of textile layer, if an open tube, to facilitate insertion and union of in-' ing and the cut closed by a strip of rubber made integral with rubber tube. Fig.13 shows a modification of Fig. 12, the cut being made through the first layer of textile material as well as rubber tube, the lining fabric while stretched made integral, preferabl by cement with compacted rubber, the e( ges of out being drawn together to abut. Fig. 14 same as Fig. 12 with outer layer of fabric removed.

Fig. 15 same as Fig. 13 with outer layer of fabric removed an a strip of suitable material cemented over abutting edges of cut. Fig. 16 shows a transverse outline of a band, or an open tube, consisting of an open tube of ,rubber and fan'inner layer of textile fabric made integral therewith, while stretched and formed, preferably by vulcanizing. Fig. 17 shows the open tube of Fig. 16. reversed, presenting, as turned for use, a thickened compacte lining of rubber, to textile layer. Fi 18 shows an open tube of textile fabric wit integral co'veringof rubber thicker at tread portion. Fig. 19 shows-the integral union of tube shown in Fig. 18 with asimilar, tube provided with an m'closed portion formin a sheath at each edge of textile layer-the 1nner open tubebeing reversed as to its curvesthus presenting acompacted rubber lining to the compound tube thus formed; which tube,

outer tube, and the loop form to both, the reversible tire casing thus. formed (one layer offabric possessing threads running transversely) will possess the puncture closing function of'transverse cuts as well as punctures, and equally as wellwhen reversed;

- inner surface. of preferred form. of an open. tire casing,

and, further, each rubber surface will oss ess this function, individually, whether t e casing is reversed or not. Fig. 20 shows a transverse section of the detachable tread-band in lace in the recurv'ed recess, and the ada ta- Bility of the recurv'edrecess to be attac ed to an 0 en or a close tire of any of the prevailing orms in use. Fi 21 shows a transverse section of a modi ed form of treadband wherein spurs or calks attached to transverse lining springs-project through the outer tread surface of tread-band. Fig. 22 shows a lateral view of adjacent lining springs provided with spurs or calks. Fig. 23 shows a downward view of tire provided with recurved recess, detachable tread-band and lining springs provided with'spurs or calks. Fig. 24 shows a type of method of abutting ends of layers, bands, tubes or complete tire casing to secure a reversible band, tube or tire casing, and one. which will not show inequalities of transverse outline due to. unequal constriction of material at or near ends. Figs. 25 to 30, inclusive, show longitudinal tread section views of counterpart terminal closures of inflatable inner tube illustrating their action.v Fig. 25 shows their position within abutting ends of tube. Figs. 26 and 27 show a cylindrical extension of counterpart ends of closures with ends of tube closed, and separated, respectively. Fig. 28 shows the concave closure forced forward by slight pressure to contact with convex closure while'ends of tube renfain separated. Fig. 29- illustrates the elongating feature of concave closure and relative positions of closures to separated ends of inner tube and to outer cover of tire when inner tube is fullyinflated. Fig. 30 shows both tube and 010- sures to be compacted and a. modification wherebv the convex cl osure, also is made extensible. by foldi-n its open end backward over itself, and con ning' the integral union of closure to end of tube to'onl and that the extreme portion of the turned Fig. 31 is a transverse section wherein the outer layer b may be replaced by 1 3 showing arra fabric and rubber, toget er with non-stretching rim-bands of textile material also acting as flaps lapping 'inclosed inner tube. Fig. 32

shows a longitudinal tread section view of same showing relative position of closures to ends ofmner tube and ends of inner tube to ends of tire casing. 'Fig. 33 shows a transverse sectional outline of an open tire, consisting of tire casin 'i'ovided with recurved recess and detacha e tread-band together with inflatable inner tube. Fig. 34 shows a non stretching band of textile fabric, provided with a. sheath, adapted to integrally umte edges ofopen casing to form a close tire, and, also, to provide for the use of a cen" tral ad usting rim band, if desired. Fig. 35

ement of layers ofa portion,

illustrates a type of the loop form of construction of tire in its normal loop form. Fig. 36 shows same with ends united as used on wheel rim. Fig. 37 shows methods of forming non-frayable ends to layers of material forming a band or tube to revent a bulging or anundue constriction 0 free ends of tire under strain of inflation. Fig. 88 shows .methods of forming ends, or'edges, of repair sections; and, also, the adaptation of each form, as an individual section, to be reversed and to possess when covered with rubber, as previously shown, the puncture-closing function; it also shows how alternate similar and adjacent reversed sections may make up a sectional tire or tire casing which, as a whole, is reversiblethe resulting evenness in thickness of tire, or easing, being free from any tendency to bulge at abutting ends of sections. Fig. 39 shows a repair section of tread recess provided with longitudinally projecting flaps; and, also, the adaptation of alternate sections, so provided, to lap intermediate ones, without them, in a recurved recess made up in sections. Fig. 40 shows an end view of a re air section of detachable tread-band with ongitudinally projecting flaps and band sheath. Fig. 41 shows an upper view of same, showing that alternate sections provided with flaps enable adjacent sections to abut together at recurved tongue of tread-band. Fig. 42 shows end plate, provided with adjusting screw, bearing on end of tread-band. Fig- 43 shows sectional side view of end-plates of detachable tread-band united together, also, with adjusting and attaching devices. Fig. 44 shows the approximate shape in transverse section which a tube of open circular section will have a tendency to assume when the positions of inner and outer surfaces are reversed by turning. Fig. 45 shows a means for securing a compacted tread portion, equal in lateral extent to an approximate half of transverse section, by integrally uniting a'layer of fabric to inner surface of rubber layer molded in form shown.

I Fig. 46 shows the approximate shape in transverse outline of Fig. 45 when the surfaces are reversed by turning. Fig. 47 shows in transverse outline the shape of mold or former usedto accomplish this result.

In the drawings, A represents the tire or tire casing.

B is the inflatable inner tube; B the closures adapted to close the ends of inner tube or of a tire; B the band or tube provided with the recurved recess along tread circumference and is adapted to be applied to any of the ordinary forms of tire, and B is the detachable tread-band adapted to be used on any tire provided with the recurved recess shown in B C is a rim band, preferably of metal, in-

closed by the sheath C of, casing and pro-' vided with screw threaded ends which engage ssaves counterpart threaded screws or nipples c which are rovided with a head having a counter sun: bearing c on the end-plate G, in the orifice c of which the shaft of nipple 0 turns freely while engaging threaded end of rim band (1, allowing the nipple to be tightened or slackened by means of a slotted head, or its equivalent, while its head retains its counter sunk bearing at C and thereby regulates the length of tire or casing which is preferably attached to end-plate G by means of a headless pin or stud g and eyelet 9*.

To allow of the end-plates being removed from the nipples, while engaged with ends of rim bands, without disturbing the desired adjustment of length of tire, or tire bands, the end-plates G may be slotted as shown at c to allow the shaft of nipple c to pass through when the end-plate is pressed backward away from the countersunk engagement of the head of the nipple at c. feature of the end-plates enables an inner tube of annular form being wholly removed, and repairs to tube or tire made, and then replaced without disturbing adjustment of bands to tire casing.

D is the rim of wheel, which is preferably provided with two parallel grooves C in its bed, or, their equivalent may be formed in the ordinary concave rimby means of a rounded strip of suitable material made integral with rim along its central bed portion.

(1 is an opening through rim of wheel to admit the passage of securing bolt (Z of lever device, or a valve stem which may be used as such, to secure end-plates firmly to bed of wheel rim.

E is the bed-plate of the lever device which is preferably sunk slightly in the wheel rim and may be provided with a projecting tube E passing through wheel rim at d, and secured by nut d, and inclosing the bolt (1 (or valve stem) which is secured by nut (Z Although the bearings of lever ends on wheel rim may be secured in any suitable manner and each bearing be an integral part of wheel rim, or an independent and regulatable attachment thereto, I prefer to take the strain of adjustment of tire to rim, and the strain of inflation, from the rim. by the use of a bed-plate each approximate end of which is provided with means for securing a rocking bearing for an end of lever F at 0 Figs. 1, 5 and 7. This rocking bearing may consist of a pivoted hinge, roller, knuckle or other joint. The op osite end of lever F is provided with a simi ar bearing on the endplate G at e Fig. 6. Although the levers, when kept taut in their hearings, will perform their functions without being secured to either bed-plate or end-plate, for convenience in operating them, it is desirable that at least one end ofthe lever be secured toits respectiveplate. I refer that the end of lever bearing on end-p ate of band be secured This detachable thereto by a pin e Figs. 6, 9-, which is preferably made easily detachable by means of screw threaded and screw headed portions instead of being permanently riveted. As

an immense strain can be brought to bear on the lever device by a direct downward ressure on the end-plate of band or indirect y on them by pressing downward the ends of tire or tire casing, I prefer not to trust to a pivot bearing, or hinge joint, to bearthe strain exclusively, but to a sim )le rocking bearing of the extreme ends of fever the use of the pivoted hinge joint being preferably confined to securing end of lever to end of tire. The operation of lever device, thus connected with the ends of a tire, to adjust tire to wheel rim consists in hooking the pendent end of a lever into its bearing on bed-plate of rim at e; pressing end of tire to its place on rim (passing it through fork if a bicycle wheel); revolving wheel with tire running through hand, to guide and adjust rim .bands in rim grooves, until opposite end is over its seat; dropping pendent end of other lever in its seat; raising first end of the slightly up from its seat until equi-distant with other end from rim; then pressing both ends, which are mutually accommodating, to their respective seats on rim, when, owing, to the relative positions of bearings of lever ends as compared to each other and to points of attachment of bands to end-plates while end-plates occupy their seats on rim of wheel, the lever device locks itself.

To prevent lateral movement of lever end in its hearing at e on bed-plate, I prefer to provide a slot f 2 Figs. 3, 4, 5, which engages a counterpart tongue f Fig. 1, on bed-plate, or

an interchange of same as to position, to approximate a knuckle joint. If desired to secure this end of lever, also, to bed-plate, another pin as at ff Fig. 6, or similar means, may be used.

H, Figs. 21, 40, 42, 43, is a band, referably of metal, moving freely in its sheat H to compress the material of detachable treadban regulate its length, and allow of treadband bemg made up of sections. H, like rim band C, is provided with threaded ends which engage a screw or nip le h with a head bearing on an end-plate K avin orifice'h' in which shaft of nipple h turns an performs the same functions for the detachable tread-- band that nipple C does for the tire. lc and It represent counterpart locking devices for securing end-plates of tread-band together and, preferably, consist of a headless pin-andhole union.

I, Figs. 21, 22,23, is a puncture-proof lining spn'ng provided with spurs or calks i, i, i, which 'form the means for preventing the slipping-of tire on ic ground. The spurs or calks may be matfe springs in any suitable manner, and place otherwise than in the preferred manner thickness of rubber be considerable.

integral with lining,

shown. As shown, the terminal calks form may normally, be flush wit curves of trea band.

A Figs. 10 to 20 is a band or tube, preferably impregnated with rubber solution and vulcanized, of one or more layers of textile fabric of material cut parallel to a series of threads, cut bias, or, a'band made up of layers out both ways. Y

a indicates a lining layer of textile fabric, which may have com acted rubber surfaces, and is preferably cut ias, and which is made integral while stretched to an already compacted layer or tube of rubber and, as vulcanizing would destroy the compacted condition of the rubber, indicates that cement is preferably used.

a lndicates that the layer of textile fabric is used as a lining for an outer'coatin of rubber and is preferably vulcanized w 'le stretched to a molded lafyer of rubber, both preferably of less circum erential curve than that which they areto be made to assume as an outer tire coating, but which may be used with curves reversed, by turning to form a still more compacted rubber limng, aaindicated in Fig. 19 which shows two such layers integrall united by cement to form an open reversib e tire which is equally com acted within, whichever way it is turned an used, and also which is equally compacted without, whichever way it is turned and used,- although the compaction ofouter rubber surface necessarily is not so great as that of inner surface. enables it to be reversed is worn at tread. v y Y b is a band or tube of rubber which, when made compacted, is preferably first turned inside, out and the stretched textile fabric, p'referably'cutbias, made integral by cement when outer surface and'vulcanizing the rubber only so far, ap-

proximately, as textile layer extends within, and then reversing the curves by turning, and,

if a close tube, by turning the outer rubber,

surface within and drawing it through the tube as it is impracticable, if not impossible, to turn it inside out and over itself if qt pe 1e reason for first turning the rubber tube inside out, aside from the very desirable gain in the amount of compaction secured, is, that, if

Such a construction of tire made integral in its normal condition and form, after turning the tube the portion not covered by textile fabric would be abnormally stretched on its outer'surface and abnor- :mally compressed or com acted on Its inner surface; the amount of a normal stretching of the rubber lessening from outer surface towards a medial curve, approximating in distance half the thickness of rubber layer, when it ceases and an'abnormal compaction begins,

- not subjected to the pressure of inflation.

b is an auxiliary integral strip of rubber increasing the thickness of a rubber tube and covering abutting edges of same either within or'without.

b is a band or tube of rubber indicating a compaction of its material when used as an outer covering and an increased compaction as an inner lining, and is formed and used as stated in description of a of Fig. 31 indicates a non-stretching band of textile material used to maintain the integrity of the loop form of construction of an open textile layer by preventing the ed es of material to which it is made integra by stitching, cementing or otherwise, from stretching and is shown in Fig. 31 as also forming the flaps a which in the use of the construction as an open tire la-p the inner tube and form means for its ready conversion to a close tireby use of cement.

a shown in Fig. 31 as a space is designed .to be o'ccu ied by the non-stretchin band of fabric, a, .ig. 34, provided with .a s eath for adjustin rim band, if desired.

There being no longitudinal strain (due to inflation) along the tread fibers of the material in the loop formof construction, when inflated on the wheel rim, the head surface is more sensitive and yielding to external pres- I sure than the ordinary annular form of tire,

so that less vibratory oscillations occur when the tread surface passes over slight inequalities or obstructions in the road. Where a firmer and less sensitive tread surface is desired, by use of the wire and tighteningdevice in the detachable tread-band, any suitable tension may be obtained either as a feature of the tread-band wire, of the material of the tread-band, of both together, or, of the tire as a whole. It is pointed out in this connection that by cementing a strip of a nonstretchin material along the tread while the loop is he din a circular form with ends abutting, or by cementing the detachable treadband (having its material normally in the form ofa loop, and so secured by a non stretehingband at tongue) in its seat inthe recess of the tire, with tightening wires withdrawn, the functions possessed by the comacted material of tireat tread, due to the oopform, are retained While the tread of the tire is made to sustain its proportionate part of the strain of inflation and present thereby an increased resiliency of tread surface, over the ordinary tires, due to the compacted material. It is further pointed out that the body of the tire, the tread recess and detachable tread-band, each severally, and as well in combination, may have their loop ends united by cement, or otherwise, at discretion to form a continuous tire, tread recess or tread-band possessing the functions of the loop construction. As vulcanizing, while the tire is in a circular form, would destroy the compacted feature, care must be taken to confine such vulcanizing as is desired to the immediate part sought to be vulcanized and, preferably, while that portion of the band or tire is held on a curve corresponding to the original curve of the loop.

Having shown the various waysof producing a com acted layer of rubber in a tire and shown al of them acting in harmony together, in a loop form of tire, the fact must not be lost sight of, that the 100 form of tire, alone, enables a tire, as a who e, to possess the compacted feature at the most desired portion-the tread, and, to a greater degree there than elsewhere, without the aid of any individual permanently compacted layer; and, in connection with transverse threads or fibers in a layer of its material, adds the %uncture closing function to a transverse cut.

* ut, although an open tire casing of loop form would be puncture-closing, the ord1- nary inner tube, if used in connection with it, when punctured, would cause the tire to become deflated, owing to escape of air from between inner tube and inner lining of easing. By cementing inner tube to easing along its upper portion, the escape of air throu h a puncture in the inner tube within sai cemented portion would be prevented.

Notwithstanding that the loop form of construction of casing and compacted inner tube, secures each separately from loss of air through transverse cuts when used together, I refer to cement the u per portion of inner tu e to inner surfaceo casing; and, as the use of a solvent of cement to loosen it therefrom to make re airs, would also loosen an outer layer of fa ric, were it used to retain the compaction of rubber inner tube (see Figs. 11 & 30), as well as a textile fabric lining to casing from adjacent rubber layer of easing, I prefer the retaining fabric of compacted inner tube to be within the inner tube, and the inner surface of casing to be of rubber, that, the two surfaces being of rubber, the cement may be carefully moistened with a solvent, if desired, without danger of disi a close tire by covering it with its outer integral textile layer intact, as shown in Figs. 11 & 30, by use of cement, in any of the numerous ways emplo ed inthe various tires in use. When deslre as a compacted lining for rubber tubing, hose ipi'ng, &c., the moldin of the tube, in t e loop form is omitte and the compacted rubber tube in its cylindrical form is covered b the use of cement, or other means, in any esired manner and with any desired material.

It is desirable that the retaining fabric of i the compacted rubber tube, whether in cona ayer cut parallel with longitudinal threads.

nection with its inner .or outer surface, be of material cut bias to allow its stretching either longitudinally or transversely, as stretching in either direction in no way interferes with the compacted feature in performing its function; and, further, a thin coating of rubber on one or' both surfaces of retaining fabric, where used on outer surface of an inner pneumatic tube, will lessen the friction consequent on drawin it through a close tire of any of the prevai ing kinds.

As a distinction is made in the claimsbetween reversing the positions of inner and outer surfaces and reversing the curve of. a surface, a careful consideration ofFig. 45 and a comparison with Fig. 46 will show'that the phrases are not 'synon 'mous. For Fig. 45 clearly shows that one alf of the transverse curve of a circular or loop form of tire may be reversed at open ortion a: mi without reversing the longitudina curve or reversing the positions of outer and inner surfaces of the opposite closed portion :10 at of tube; and, conversely, that the positions of outer and inner surfaces of closed portion :11. so maybe reversed by turning (when the longitudinal curve also will be reversed) without changing the transverse curves as m of open port1on, the edges of which will tend to unite at a:-a: and make the transverse curve of the tube circular.

I make use of the transverse .fl. form in stretching, molding and vulcanizing a layer of rubber singly or in combination with a layer of textile material, as well as using it as a meansfor stretching and forming one or more la ers of textile material out bias and also The outward sweep of the edges of the material held or molded in this form facilitates the union by stretching, cement or other means of a non-stretching textile band, or, a projectin flap to said edges, and of edges ofdifferent ayers.

Having thus described-my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In combination with a wheel rim and a tire having free ,ends, a lever with one end bearing on an approximate end of the tire and the other end bearing on the'wheel rim at a point anterior to thatoccupied by the tire and the otherend bearing on the wheel rim; the points of bearing on the wheel rim of the lever ends being so placed relative to each other and to the opposite ends of levers and ends of tire as to secure the desired union of ends of-said tire at a point preferably intermediate and equi-distant from them, substantially as shown anddescribed.

3. As ,a means for tightening a free ended tire to a wheel rim, a lever with one end adapted to bear on the wheel rim and the other end on an approximate end of the tire, substantially as shown.

4. As a means for tightening a free ended tire to a wheel rim, a lever device consisting I of a leverwith an end attached to an end of a tire to a wheel rim, a lever device consisting of a lever with an end attached to and engaging a wheel rim by means of counterpart rocking bearings and its opposite end ada ted to bear on the end of a tire, substantia ly as described. I

6. As an article of manufacture, a lever device for tightening a tire to 'a wheel rim, consisting of a lever with each end attached -to a separate block or plate by means of counterpart bearings and said plates adapted to be secured to a wheel rim and a tire, or tire band, respectively, substantially as described. 7. As an article of manufacture, a lever device for tightening a tire to a wheel rim,

consisting of a plate toeach approximate end of which is attached or engaged an end of an independentl acting ;-lever b means of counterpart roc bearings; t e opposite ends of said levers adapted to engage by means of similar bearings the-ends. of a tire or other band, substantially as shown and described.

8. A lever tightening device for tightening a tire to a wheel rim, consistin of a plate to each approximate end of whic is attached or engagedan end of an independently acting lever bymeans of counterpart bearings; the

opposite ends of said lever engaging by similar bearings the ends of a band, or bands,1n

such manner that a downward movement of the ends of band will cause them to approach each'other as they approach the central ortion of plate, substantially as shown an described. a

9., A lever tightening device for tightening v a tire to .a wheel rim,- or other purpose, conslsting. of a plate to each approxzmate end curve of band and point of contact of ends of band with plate, the ends of band diverge and lock themselves, substantially as shown and described.

10. In combination with a wheel'rim, a tire or tire band with free ends, one end adapted to be secured to said rim, the other provided with a lever, an end of which engages it with a counterpart bearing, the other end of lever similarly engages the wheel rim at a point anterior to place of contact with rim of other end of lever when tire is in position on wheel rim, but sufficiently above the rim bed to cause the lever end of tire to lock itself on being. forced to its seat on rim of wheel, substantially as shown and described.

11. A lever tightening device consisting of a band provided With screw threaded ends, a counterpart screw or nipple with a head provided with means for turning the same engaged on each end, an end-plate provided with an orifice through which said mpple engages the threaded end of said band, the head of said screw or nipple engaging said end-plate, which is preferably slotted to said orifice to admit shaft of nipple, and two levers with an end of each engaging each end plate respectively and the other end of lever adapted to engage a wheel rim or rim plate, substantially as shown and described.

12. In a tire, the combination of a tightening band, at rim or tread circumference,

provided with screw threaded ends, a coun-' terpart screw or nipple with a head provided with means for turning the same engaged on each end and an end-plate, attached to or bearing on each end of said tire, provided with an orifice through which said screw or nipple engages the threaded end of said band, substantially as described.

13. In a tire, the combination of a pair of tightening rim bands. with screw threaded ends, a counterpart screw or nipple with a head provided with means for turning the band or tube of layers of canvas or other suitable material, cement or rubber integrally uniting the layers, and non-frayable ends formed by folding back a layer of its material at each end, substantially as shown and described.

15. A tire or tire casing consisting of a band or tube of layers of canvas or other suitable material; one layer a )proximately non-stretchable laterally, other l ably of material cut bias; cement or rubber integrally uniting the layers, and non-frayable ends formed by folding back a layer of its material at each end, substantially as shown and described.

16. A tire or tire casing consisting of a band or tube of canvas or other suitable material provided with non frayablc ends formed by a folding back of its material at each end and with a projecting ilap at one end adapted to inwardly lap the opposite end, substantially as described.

17. A tire or tire casing consisting of a band'or tube of canvas or other suitable material provided with non-frayable ends formed by a folding back of its material at each end, and with an integral )rojecting flap at one end adapted to inwardly lap the opposite end, together with one or more intogral inclosed portions at rim circumference U formmg a sheath for the insertion of a wire or other band, substantially as described.

18. A free-ended pneumatic tire or tire casing of canvas or other suitable material wherein threads or fibers are woven, wound or otherwise placed transversely and at right angles with reference to the tread of the tire, and a non-stretching longitudinal band or bands cemented or otherwise integrally secured to said threads or fibers at rim circumference of tire while the material of tire is circumferentially stretched laterally and lon gitudinally at tread to the extent that its ayers preferends concentrically or spirally lap: said rimband or bands by securing the gathered in aterial at run causing the tire to normally assume the form of a loop of a coil, substantially as described.

19. A free-ended pneumatic tire or tire casing of canvas or other suitable material and a non-stretching longitudinal band or bands cemented or otherwise integrallysecured to said canvas at rim circumference of tire while said material is circuim'erentially stretched laterally and longitudinally at tread to the extent that its ends coneentrically or spirally lap: said band or bands by securing the gathered material at rim causing the tire or casing to assume the form of a loop of a coil, substantially as described.

20. A free-ended pneumatic tire or tire casing of canvas or other suitable material having a layer of rubber cemented or vulcanized on its outer surface while the canvas is circumferentially stretched laterally and longitudinally at tread to the extent that its ends concentrically or spirally lapjcausing said tire or casing to normally-assume the form of a loop of a coil, substantially as shown and described.

21. A free-ended tire or tire'casing, of canvas or other suitable material, havinga lining of rubber cemented or vulcanized onto its inner surface while the canvas is circumfer- 10 entially stretched laterally and longitudinally at tread to the extent that its ends concentrically or spirally lap causing said tire or casing to normally assume the form of a loop of a 0011, substantially as shown and described.

22. A tubular tire or tire cover, wherein rubber forms a constituent or integral part, provided with free ends which normally tend ,to lap; the rubber having-been fused or vul,

canized-and allowed to set while said tire or cover was stretched at tread and molded, or

otherwise held, with ends lapping spirally or concentrically, substantially as shown and described.

23. A free-ended neumatic tire consisting of an outer casing, o canvas or other suitable material, open along rim circumference and an inner inflatable tube, sealed at both ends, cemented or vulcanized along its tread portion to said casing without stretching it while said casing is circumferentially stretched laterally and longitudinally at tread to the extent that its ends la either spirally or concentrically, substantia y as shown and described.

24. In combination with an annular or free-ended tire or tire casing, of canvas or other suitable material, open at rim, an inner inflatable tube or lining with free ends which normally tend to lap owing to its having been molded or otherwise formed in the shape of a loop ofa coil; said tube being cemented or otherwise made integral with said tire or casing along its tread circumference while said tire or casing is circumferentially stretched transversely and longitudinally at tread, substantially as described.

25. In combination, a pneumatic'tire cas-, ing of canvas, or other suitable material, 0 en or closed at rim but havin free ends, and an inflatable inner tube seale at both ends and cemented" or vulcanized along its entire tread portion to said free-ended casing, substantially as described.

26. An inflatable inner tube for a pneumatic tire consisting of an open-ended tube each end of which is sealed by the insertion of the open end of a closure, consisting of a 'flexible tube closed at one end, the outer surface of cylindrical portion of each closure made integral with inner surface of said tire tube, preferabl other detachabli; means. 27. An inflatable inner tube for a pneumatic tire consisting of an open-ended tube with edges of its free ends adapted to abut by the use of cement or together over a projecting sealed ortion of one end of tube, which portion is ormed by the insertion of aflexible tube, closed at one end, the outer surface of cylindrical portion made integral with inner surface of tire tube, preferably by the use of cement or other detachable means, while its projecting closed portion in telescoping contacts with a relatively placed interior membrane sealing opposite end of tire tube.

28. In combination with a neumatic tire or tire tube, a pair of termina closures consisting each of a flexible tube closed at one end by a concave-convex portion and each closure inserted with its open end within said tire tube and the outer surface of cylindrical ortion of each closure, as inserted, made Integral, wholly or in art, with the inner surface ofsaid tire or tu e by any suitable desired means; the convexlty of one closure being reverse in use to a concave form, or, it may, if desired, be molded in that form.

29. In'combination with a pneumatic tire or tire tube, a terminal closure consisting of a flexible tube, closed at one end, conformin cylindrically to inner surface of said tire tu e, inserted with its open end within that of said tire tube and its cylindrical surface, or a ortion thereof, made integral with tire y tu es inner surfacewhich unlonmay'be effected by cement or other detachable means, if desired.

30. In combination with a pneumatic tire or tire tube, a terminal closure consisting of a flexible tube, closed at one end, conforming) cylindrically to inner surface of said tire tu e, inserted with its open end within that of said tire tube and its cylindrical portion made integral with tire tubes inner surface which union may be effected by the use of cement or other detachable means.

31. As a means for sealing the end of a pneumatic tire or tire tube, a terminal closure consisting of a tube of rubber closed at one end, approximately conformin cylindrically to inner surface of tube to al ow of a sliding of tube and telescoping of its convex end within itself.

32. In combination with a pneumatic tire casing with ends adapted to abut together over an inner projecting fla an inner 'inflatabletube or lining provi ed with a pair of terminal closures sealin its ends.

33, As a means for sea ing an end of a pneumatic tire or, tir'e tube, a terminal closure consisting of a flexible tube closed at one end and approximately conforming cylindrically to inner surface of tube to allow of a slidin of tube and .telescoping of end within itsefi.

34. A terminal closure'consisting of a cylindrical tube of rubber provided w1th a concavo-convex portion closing one end and a its inner surface.

35. As a means for sealing an end of a pneumatic inner tube to secure an extensible end, a terminal closure consisting of a flexible tube, closed at one end, whose open end is turned back over itself to any desired extent and the extreme portion of its,turned inner surface made integral, preferably by cement and vulcanizing, with, approximately,

- the extreme portion of inner surface of pneumatic tube, substantially as shown and described.

36. As a means for sealing an end of a pneumatic inner tube to secure an extensible end, a terminal closure consisting of a flexible tube, closed at one end, whose open end is inserted within an end of said pneumatic tube and made integral therewith, preferably by cement and vulcanizing, with the closed end of closure projecting out from end of pneumatic tube the desired distance, when the curve of surfaces of projecting closed portion is preferably reversed by forcing the projecting end within the tube, substantially as shown and described.

37. A puncture-closing terminal closure consisting of a tube of rubber, possessin preferably a molded concave-convex end an an open end, and a la er of textile fabric (which may be knittedg molded, cemented and, preferably, vulcanized to its normal inner surface; thus adapting it, when turned, to form a convex .closure, which may be extensible, and which will be compacted and punctureclosing to the extent turned, and when its convex outer surface is reversed to a concave surface, to form a concave closure, it will'be puncture-closing to the extent of said surface reversal.

38. In combination, a pneumatic tire, tire casing or tube, of canvas or other suitable material, having free ends adapted to abut together over a projecting flap inwardly secured to one end and a tubular air tight lining having a projectin sealed end and a counterpart recessed sea ed end correlatively laced in relation to the ends of said tire, casmg or tube to secure their contact on abuttal of ends of tire, substantially as described.

39. A pneumatic tire consisting of a casing, of canvas or other suitable material, open at rim circumference with ends adapted to abut together over a projecting flap secured to one end of easing, an inflatable tube with its u er portion cemented or vulcanized along t e inner tread circumference of easing; said tube having its ends sealed by inwardly placed counterpart terminal closures in such manner that the correlative position of counterpart closures, withreference to the ends of tube and the ends of tube with reference to ends of easing and'flap, shall secure contact of said counterpart closures on the abuttal of ting ends,

sashes ends of casing and he inflation of tire thus formed, substantial y as described.

40. In a tire or tire casing, two bands or tubes, of canvas or other suitable material, one preferabl non-stretchable laterally, the other referafily of material cut bias, a layer of rub er or cement between integrally uniting them, one band or tube having its material at each end folded backward on itself and cemented or otherwise integrally secured thereto with an end abutting an end of the other band-or tube, substantially as shown.

41. In a tire or tire casing, two bands or tubes, of canvas or othersuitablc material, one preferably non-stretchable laterally, the other referably of material cut bias, a layer of rub er or cement between integrally uniting them, the outer band or tube havin its material at each end folded backward on itself and cemented or otherwise integrally secured thereto with an end abutting an end of the inner band or tube and the opposite end of said outer band or tube lapped by the projecting end of said inner band or tube and cemented or made integral therewith, said projecting end of inner band or tube forming a flap adapted to inwardly lap'the opposite end of easing thus formed, substantia ly as shown and described.

42. In a tire or tire casing, or section thereof, two longitudinally extending bands or tubes of canvas or other suitable material, one referably approximately non-stretch- D able aterally, the other preferably of material cut bias, a layer of rubber or cement between integrally uniting them, the outer band or tube having its material folded backward on itself at each end and cemented or otherwise integrall secured thereto; the inner band or tube fiavin an end projecting beyond that of the outer and or tube forming a flap adap jacent section thereof, substantially as shown and described.

43. A free-ended tire or tire casing, or section thereof, consisting of two longitudinally extending bands or tubes, of canvas or other suitable material, one preferably non-stretchable laterally, the other of material cut bias; a la er of rubber or cement between interal yuniting them; the inner band or tube havin r an end projecting beyond that of the outer and or tube forming a flap adapted to inwardly lap the opposite end of tire or adjacent section thereof, substantially as shown and described.

44. In a tire or tire casing, or section thereof, a longitudinally extending band or tube consisting of two layers or thicknesses of canvas or other suitable material, a layer of cement or rubber integrally uniting the two layers, placed with approximately abuta foldin back of the material of a layer on itself and integrally united thereto ted to inwardly lap the outer band of opposite end of tire or casing, or ad' tube, substantially as shown and described.

45. In a tire or tire casing, or section thereof, a longitudinally extending band'or tube consisting of two layers or thicknesses, of canvas or other suitable material, a layer of cement or rubber integrally uniting the two layers, a fold of the material backward on itself forming each'non-frayable endlof the band or tube, substantially as shown and described.

46. In a tire or tire casing, or section thereof, a longitudinally extending band or tube. consisting of two. or more layers or thicknesses of canvas or other suitable material cemented or otherwise integrally united; the non-frayable ends of said band or tube made by a folding backof'an'outer layer of its material, substantially as shown and described.

47. In a tire or tire casin ,or section thereof, with ends adapted to a ut together,

a band or tube of one or more layers of'c'anvas or other suitable material (textile) having a layer of its material at each end folded.

backward on itself and integrally secured thereto forming non-frayable ends, substantially as shown and described. 48. In a reversible tire casing open'at rim, two bands of canvas or other suitable material, one preferably of material cut bias the other preferably non-stretchable laterally; the non-frayable endsof each bandada ted to abut together butan end of inner and an end of outer band adapted to-lap forming the non-fray-able ends of the reversible'casing, substantially as shown and described.

49. -A section of a tire or tire casing consisting of two bands or tubes longitudinally extendinglwith'reference t0 the tire, of canvas or 0t er suitable material, one approximately non-stretchable laterally with reference to the tire, the other of material preferably cut bias, a layer of rubber-or cement between integrally uniting them, a band or tube forming a flap adapted'to .la the end of an adjacent section, substantial y as shownand described. l

50. A sect-ion of a tire or tire casing of two or more layers of canvas or other suitable material integrally united by cement or other means, approximately non-stretchable laterally with reference 'to the tire, provided with a projecting layer forming a flap adapted to la the end of an adjacent section, substantially as shown and described.

51. 'A section of a tire or tire casing consisting of layers of canvas or other suitable material cemented or otherwise integrall united, the abutting ends formed by a fol( ing back of a layer of its material, and a projecting la er forming a flap adapted to lap the end 0 an ad acent section, substantially as shown and described.

serted with outer surface of ends flush with that of the tire, consisting of a band or tube, of one or more layers of canvas or other suitable material, provided with an inner layer of material pro ectin from each end of section forming flaps a apted to la inwardly the'ends .of adjacent portions 0 tire, 'substantially as described. v

53. A repair section; adapted to be inserted with outer surface of ends flush with that of the tire; consisting of a band or tube, of one or more layers of canvas or other suitable material, provided with an inner layer of material pro ectin from each end of section forming flaps a apted to inwardly lap the ends of adjacent portions of tire adapted to receive said section, and provided with one or more 'inte rally inclosed portions'at rim forming sheat s for the insertion of a rim band, substantially as shown and described.

54.}A neumatic tire or tire casing, of can'- vas or ot er suitable material, of free ended loop form and open along rim circumference, its approximate edges provided with an integral inclosed portion forming a sheath for the insertion of a wire or band; and a band of textile material made inte ral witheach rim edge formin an inwarily projecting flap: said fla flatable' and described.

- 55, A pneumatic tire casing, of canvas or other suitable material, having a rubber lining and provided with free ends and open along rim circumference, having each approximate rim edge provided with an integral inclosed portlon, forming a sheath for the insertion ofa wire or other band, and an inwardly projecting longitudinal fla said flaps bemg adapted to'lap under an in atable inner tube, substantially as described.

56. The combination of a free-ended tire casing, of-canvas or other siiitablematerial,

open along rim circumference having each approximate rim edge provided with an integral inclosed portion formin a sheath for the insertion of a wire or other and, and an inwardly projecting longitudinal .fiap, with an inner inflatable tube, provided with sealed ends, cemented along its tread portion to the 1 15 inner surface of said casin 57. The combination 0 a free-ended tire casing, of canvas or other suitable material, open along rim circumference, a rim band of textile material provided wi'th. an integral in closed portion forming a sheath, cemented or. otherwise made integral with and unitin the rim edges of said casing, and an inner ru ber tube made integral with the casing thus formed, b cement or vulcanizing, substantially as s own and described.

58. The combination of a free-ended tire casing, of canvas or other suitable material,

, 52."A repair section adapted to be in- 65 ps bemg adapted to lap under an ininner tube, substantially as shown 95.

. the casing tius formed by cement or vulcanizing, substantially as shown and described.

59. The combination of a tire casing, provided with free ends adapted to abut together over an inner flap, open along rim circumference, a rim band 0 textile material provided with an integral inclosed ortion orming a sheath, cemented or ot ierwise made integral with and uniting the rim edges of said'casin and. an inner rubber tube made integra with the casing thus formed b cement or vulcanizing, substantially as s own and described. A

60. The combination of a tire casing, provided with free ends adapted to abut together, open alon rim circumference, a band of textile materia provided with an integral inclosed portion forming a sheath cemented or otherwise made integral with and uniting, the rim ed 'es of said casing, and an inner rubber tube, aving sealed ends, made integral with the casin thus formed by cement or vulcanizing, ,su stantially as shown and described.

61. The combination of a free-ended tire or tire casing with a rim band of textile material, rovided with an integral inclosed portion ormmg a sheath, cemented or otherwise made inte ral with its rim circumference,

substantial y as described.

62. In a tread-band, of rubber or other suitable material, possessing an inwardly projecting lon itudinal tongue and laterally extending flan in ortions, an integral inclosed portion whol within said tongue forming a sheath for t e insertion of a wire or other band, substantially as shown and described.

'63. In combination with a detachable tread-band, of rubber or other suitable material provided with an inwardly projecting tongue having an integral inclosed portion forming a sheath wholly within said tongue,

a wire or band occupying said sheath provided with means for compressing or extendingl the material of said tread-band, substant a ly as shown.

64. In combination with a detachable tread-band, of rubber or other suitable material, provided with an inwardly projeetin lon itudinal tongue, a wire or band incloser wit in said tongue provided with counterpart attaching end.portions, substantially as shown.

65. In combination with a detachable tread-band, of rubber or other suitable material, provided with an inwardly projecting ton ue, a wire or other band inclosed within sai tongue provided with screw-threaded end portions enga in counterpart threaded end-plates or nipp es bearing on the material of said tread-band, substantially as shown.

66. In a detachable tread-band, a band of one or more layers of textile material wherein a fold of its material secured by stitching, cement or otherwise is made to form a sheath for the insertion of a wire or other band and constitute an inwardly projecting longitudinal tongue, substantially as shown.

67. In combination with a lining spring having a recurvature of its central portion ap roximating an outwardly opening longitudinal dovetailed recess, and a counterpart longitudinal tongue, spurs or calks made integral therewith and projecting from its outer surface, substantially as shown and described.

68. In combination with a detachable tread-band, of rubber or other suitable material, or a section or segment thereof, provided with an inwardly projecting longitudinal tongue of a )proximate dovetailed form, and lateral flan mg portions, lining springs clasping said ton ue provided with spurs or calks projecting from their surface t irough the outer surface of said treml-band, or section, substantially as shown and described.

69. In combination with a detachable tread-band, of rubber or other suitable material or a section or segment thereof, provided with an inwardly projecting longitudinal tongue, lining springs clasping said tongue provided with spurs or ealks projecting from approximate ends and against which edges of tread-band, or sections, abut, substantially as shown and described.

70. A reversible, puncture-closing pneumatic tire, tire casin or segmental section thereof, consisting of two or more layers of canvas, or other suitable material, one of which is provided with a compacted layer of rubber, or other elastic substance or material, forming tires inner surface, and another layer of canvas provided with an outer layer of rubber forming the outer surface of said tire, casing or section.

71. A reversible puncture-closin pneu- 'matic tire,tire casing, or segmenta section thereof, consisting of two bands or layers of canvas or OtllGfSllllliLblUIlHLtOIlltl, of open loop or annular construction; both bands or layers provided normally with outer layers of rubber, or other elastic substance, made intogral therewith, preferably by vulcanizing, but one of which is reversed to form a comacted inner lining of rubber, and both made mtegral to provide the puncture-closing feature on the reversal of tire or section.

72. As a means for securing a circular transverse contour to a tire or other tube, a

layer or band of rubber, textile or other flexible material of annular or loop construction possessing a molded .fi. shaped transverse section, substantially as described.

73. The combination of a layer or band of textile material, preferably impregnated with rubber, of annular or 100 construction stretched, vulcanized, molded or otherwise formed inn shaped transverse section with a non-stretching band of textile material stitched, cemented, vulcanized or otherwise made integral with each edge of said layer to secure the integrity of.its annular or loop construction against longitudinal stretching, substantially as shown and described.

7 4. The combination of a la er or band of textile material, of annular or oop construction, stretched or otherwise formed in II. shaped transverse section with a band of material stitched or otherwise made integral with an edge of said layer to form an inwardly lapping flap on the reversal of curves of free edges of said layer, or, the reversal of surfaces of said layer or band, substantially as shown and described.

75. As a means for securing a com action of but half of surface of a tire, or a ayer of same, the combination of an inner band or.

layer of textile material with an outer band of rubber or other elastic material both layers or bands of n. shaped transverse section and of loop or annular construction integrally united by cement, vulcanizing or other means and the surfaces of resulting compound band reversed, substantially as described.

76. The integral union, referably by cement, of a tubular loop 0 textile material with a layer of rubber on its outer surface while the material of said tubular 100 is circumferentially. stretched transverse y and longitudinally at tread; said layer of rubber normally of 0 en loop construction having transverse and longitudinal inner curves less than the outer corres onding curves of said tubular textile loop t us stretched to roduce a compacted rubber surface at tread? 77. In combination with an annular or free-ended tire or tire cover, an outer covering of rubber or other elastic substance which normally is of open loop construction having a transverse inner curve less than the outer" curve of said tire made integral with it While said tire is circumferentially stretched transversely and longitudinally at tread, substantially as described.

78. As a means for securing an outer compacted tread surface for-a tire, a band consisting of an open tube of one or more layers of textile material integrally united with an outer layer of elastic material and molded in the form of a loop of a coil, substantially as described.

7 9. An outer 'cover, or a lining thereof, for

a neum'atic tube consisting of a band or.

was turned inside out and circumferentially stretched transversely and longitudinally at tread together with a non-stretching band of textile material made integral therewith at each rim edge, substantially as described.

80. A lining or inner tube for a pneumatic tire consisting of a band or tube of textile material in the form of a loop having a layer of rubber forming its inner surface made integral with said band or tube when the said band or tube was turned inside out and circumferentially stretched transversely andlongitudinally at treadthe textile material retainin the compaction of the rubber thus obtained, substantially as described.

81. A lining or inner tube for a pneumatic the consisting of a loop of rubber tubing having a strip of textile material on its u per outer, or tread, portion said strip having een made inwardly inte ral with said tube but owingto the reversa of the inner and outer surfaces of said 100 by turning, it c0nsti-' tutes means for retaining the compaction of the rubber at said tread portion of said loop, substantially as described.

82. A lining or inner tube for a neumatic tire or tire casing consisting of a ru ber tube, molded in the form of a 100 turned inside out, a strip of textile material cemented or integrally united to its inner upper portlon,

as turned, and the tubular loop returned to its original formthe strip of textile material retaining the transverse and longitudinal compaction of the rubber at said portion of the tubular loop, substantially as described. 83. In combination with a continuous or free-ended inflatable inner tube for a pneumatic tire, a longitudinal strip of textile fabric cemented or vulcanized along its tread portion while said tube, molded in the form of a loop, was turned inside out and the fabric circumferentially stretched within; the

,said fabric retaining the consequent transverse and longitudinal compaction of the rubber at said tread portion and reventing its expansion on returning the rubber to its normal form, substantiall as described.

84. The combination 0 a molded loop of rubber tubing and a strip of textile material integrally united with its upper inner surface,

substantially as and for the purpose setforth. 85. The combination of a molded loop of rubber tubin and a layer of textile material integrally united with its inner surface, substantially as shown.

86. The combination of a molded loop of rubber tubin and a layer of textile material integrally united with its outer surface, substantially as shown.

87. A lining or inner tube for a pneumatic tire consisting of a rubber tube, turned inside out, a strip of material cemented or integrally united to its inner upper portion, as turned, and the tubingreturned to its original formthe strip of textile material retainin tion 0 the rubber-at said ortion of the tube, substantially as described 88. In a tube of cylindrical, loop or annular construction, and non stretching material the combination of a tube of textile or other non-stretching material as an integral lining to such tube with a compacted inner tube of rubber, or other elastic substance, said rubber tube having been inte ally united to said inner surface of textile ining tube as an outer covering when the surfaces of said textile lining tube were reversed, substantially as described.

89. The combination of an inner pneumatic tube, of loop or other construction, and a layer of non-stretching textile material,

referably cut bias, cemented or otherwise lntegrally united to the outer tread portion of said tire tube in such manner as to compact the elastic material of said tube at said tread portion and retain said compaction under the strain of inflation while the remaining or rim portion is allowed to expand.

90. The combination of a tire cover, tube or other vessel of non expansible material with a compacted puncture-closing lining, of textile or other non expansible material, wherein rubber or other similar elastic substance forms a constituent or integral part; the compacted inner surface of said lining being produced by reversing the curves of the inner and outer surfaces of said lining when molded to the form of the inner surface of the tube or vessel to be lined b turning said lining inside out, substantial y as described.

91. A tire or tire cover, wherein rubber forms a constituent or integral part, rovided with free ends which normally tend to lap; the rubber having been vulcanized or fused and allowed to set while said tire or cover was stretched at tread and molded, or otherwise held, with ends lapping spirally or concentrically, and to which a non-stretching band of textile material is made integral at its rim circumference to prevent longitudinal stretching. g

92. Asa means for securing an outer compacted treadsurface for a tire, a band or open tube of one or more layers of textile material integrally united with an outer layer of elast c material and molded in the formof a loop of a coil, together with an inte al nonstretching band of textile materia' at each I rim ed e.

g 93. stri ,layerorsheetof materialof normal flat su ace, consisting of a layer of textile materialto one side of which has been made lnte ral by cement, vulcanizing, or other suita le means, a layer of rubber or other elastic substance while held in cylindrical form onits outer surface as curved, and to, the other side of which textile material has also been made integral, by same or the consequent transverse compacsimilar means, another layer of rubber or other elastic substance when the textile material was held in a reversed cylindrical curve.-

94. A strip, layer or sheet of material, of normal flat surface, consisting of the inte ral combination of a layer of textile materia of normal flat surface with a compacted layer of rubber, or other elastic substance, on each surface of said textile layer, substantially as described.

95. The integral combination of two layers of textile material with a compacted layer of rubber between; each surface of compacted rubber layer having been made integral with its adjacent textile layer and to its outer surface when said textile layer was held in a curved form.

96. A reversible puncture-closing pneumatic tire casing, or segmental section thereof, consisting of two bands or layers of textile material of open loop or annular construction; both bands rovided normally with an outer layer of rubber made inte ral therewith, referably by vulcanizing, but one of which ands is reversed to form a compacted inner lining of rubber; each made integral with other at rim edges by stitching, cement, vulcanizingor other means.

97. A reversible tire casing, open at rim, with each rim edge provided with a sheath for the insertion of rim wires, two rubber coated textile bands providing the outer and inner rubber surfaces of easing, the ends of each band adapted to abut together.

98. A reversible tire casing, open at rim, with each rim ed e provided with a sheath for the insertion of a rim wire or other band, two rubber-coated textile bands providing the outer and inner surfaces of easing, the ends of each band ada ted to abut together but an end of inner anfan end of outer band adapted to lap.

99. A reversible puncture-closing tire casing, epen at rim, with each rim, edge provided with a sheath for the insertion of rimwires, two rubber-coated textile bands or layers providing the outer and inner rubber 1 surfaces of easing,

the rubber being made integral and preferably vulcanized to the outer surface of each textile band, while separate, while held or molded in a transverse curve,- one band being reversed to form a compacted lining.

100. Ar'eversible uneture-closing tire casing, open at rim, of ee-ended, 100; or annular form, provided at each rim e ge with a textile band carrying'an inclosed s math for a rim-wire and an inwardly projecting fla together with an outer and an mner text1 e layer providing the reversibl compacted rubber surfaees of easing by eac layer, while se arate, being outwardly rubber coating while held, molded and vulcanizedin a transverse curve and one layer reversed to form a compacted lining.

covered with a 101. A reversible" puncture-ciosingopen 1 closing lining.

gether and provided at run edges with a sheath for a rim-wire, the outer and inner layers of textile fabric provided with a layer of rubber which was previously made integral therewith as an outer coating while each ayer was, while separate,-molded and preferably vulcanized in the same cylindrical,

loop or annular curve but one of which tex tile layers is reversed to form a puncture- 102. 'A reversible uncture-closing pneumatic tire casing of at, open loop or other construction, cons'istin of two bands or layers of textile materia of a len th to more than equal that of the tread perip cry of tire when in use each band or layer'provided with an outer covering of rubber molded in open transverse tubular form which maybe confined to approximate tread portion, one of which layers is reversed to form a compaction of rubber and each made integral with other at rim edges by stitching, cement or other means, and the cover provided with means for securing the gathered material at each rim edge.

103. A reversible puncture-closing pneumatic tire casing, consisting of two integral bands or layers of textile material, in one of which threads traverse the tire at right angles, of a length 'to morethan e ual that of thetread periphery of the tire W en in use, provided with means for securing the gathered material'at each rim edge; each band or layer provided with an outer covering of rubber, which in its lateral extent may be confined to the approximate tread portion,

\ molded on a transverse curve, one of which 5-5 material, preferably cut bias, with for gatherin is reversed to form a compactionfof the=rubher which, owing to the transverse threads, will close-a transverse cut. a v

104. A freeended reversible punctureclosing pneumatic tire casing, 0 en -at-rim, consisting of a band, or layers, 0 textile ma terial; wherein threads traverse the tire atright an les, of alength tov more-than-e ual that of t e tread peripher of the tirew en in use; provided with as 'eath ateach rim edge for the insertion of a rim-wire; means the material at each rim edge to secure a oop form to the-casing, and an outer and an inner coating of rubber.

105. In a pneumaticexpansible tire tube, the inte al combination of a strip of textile materia preferably cut bias, rovided with a coating of rubber, with a su ace of the approximate tread ortion-the inte al union extendin lateral y from edgeito e ge of said strip an preventing thelexpansion of the tion is left free to expand. a

106. In a pneumatic expansible tire the integral combination of a stri oftextile layer had :been removed after the opening t e final reversal oftube. rubber at said tread portion While rim portube;

a surface strain of inflation y a .layer of textile material made integral therewith .while :rim portion is allowed to expand and having each free end separately sealed or closed by any suitable means. r

108. An expansiblezpuncture-closinginner rubber tube, of cylindrical, loop or other form provided with a strip of textile material made integral throughout its lateral extent with either or both surfaces of the approximate tread portion of said tube and retaining a compaction of said tread portion of tube under the strain of inflation while the rim portion is allowed to expand.

109. A fre'e-endedpneumatic-tube consisting of a tube of rubber provided with a strip of textile material along its tread portion, on either or both surfaces, retaining a compaction of the rubber at said :POI'tiOD while rim portion is left free to expand, and with concavo-convex closures sealing its ends.

'110. As a means for securing the compaction of an ap roxiinate half,-o'r a portion, of a cylindrical, attened, or other rubber tube with open or'sealed ends, without reversing it by turning it inside out, a strip of textile material, preferably cut bias, cemented, Vulcanizedor otherwise made integral with the outer surface otsaidpportion while said surface 1s held in a transverse concave curve.

111. A compacted puncture-closing inner tube for a pneumatic tire,-consisting of the sired-extent even to a lapping of edges, made integral .to said rubber surface as an inner lininglayer subsequent to a reversal of'said rubber tube wherein :a layer of fabriemade integral with its inner surfacehad with said reversal compacted said rubber tube-whicl;

tube by a lo 'tudinal cut alon tread, to

facilitate the said-integral union 0 first mentioned layerand .prior to the'reunionof-said treadv ed es b an inte ral strip of rubber referab y canized t ereto) and prior to 1 12. A compactedtubeof cylindrical, loop or other form,=consisting in combinatlon of. a

tube of rubberand an integral longitudinal inner ,layer of textile fabric, extending laterwally to-any desired extent, madeintegral with layer of fabric made integral with its inner said first mentioned layer, had been removed.

said rubber surface as an inner lining layer forming a sheath at each rim edge.

-made up -;layer, or layers, of an open tube of rubbersaid surface, preferably by vu canizing,

said rubber surface subsequent to a reversal 1 of said rubber tube wherein a layer of textile fabric made integral with its inner surface had with said reversal 'com acted said rubber tube and which, on the integral union of 113. A compacted tube of cylindrical, loop or other form, consisting in combination of a tube of rubber and an integral longitudinal outer layer or tube of textile fabric made integral to said rubber surface as an inner lining layer subsequent to a reversal of said rubber tube wherein a layer of fabric, made integral with its inner surface, had with said reversal compacted said rubber tube and which had been removed subsequent to the integral union of first mentioned layer and prior to the final reversal of tube. a

114. A compacted tube of cylindrical, loop or other form, consisting in combination of a tube of rubber and an integral longitudinal outer layer of textile fabric made integral to subsequent to a reversal of said rubber tube (which at that time may have been a laterally curved strip or open tube)wherein a surface, had with said reversal compacted said rubber tube and which had been removed subsequent to the integral union of first mentioned layer and prior to a union of ridges of open tube and the final reversal of 115. In a free ended. tire casing, a nonstretching strip of textile material, which in lateral extent may be confined to tread portion, in combination with a bias strip provided with an integral inclosed portion 116. Lln a tire, tire casing or other tube made up of layers of rubber and textile fabric, t e integral combination of a molded open tube of rubber with outer surface of such layer having a larger curve laterally than that of said open rubber tube.

117. In a tire, tire casin or other tube of layers of rubber and textile fabric, t integral combination of a molded open tube of rubber-covered fabric with outer surface of such a layer havin a larger curve laterally than said open ru ber-covered. tube.

118. In a tire, tire casing) or other tube made up of layers of rub er and textile fabric, t 1e integral combination with such a covered fabric molded in the form of a loop having its diameter less than that of said layer or layers.

119. The integral combination of two 'la er of rubber or otherelastic substance -w ich was previously made inte al with while each textile layer was, while separate, made to assume a cylindrical or other convex curvilineal form.

120. The integral combination, preferably by cement, of two layers of textile material impregnated with rubber vulcanized. therewith, the outer surface of each of which is provided with an integral layer of rubber which was previously made integral with said surface while each textile layer was, while separate, molded in a cylindrical or other convex curvilineal form.

121. The integral combination of several layers of textile material, the outer surface of each outer layer provided with an integral layer of rubber, or other elastic substance, which was previously made integral therewith, preferably by vulcanizing, while each of said-outer layers was, while separate, made to-assume a cylindrical or other curvilineal form.

122. The integral combination of several layers of textile material, the outerlayers impregnated with rubber vulcanized therewith, the outer surface' of each of which is provided with an integral layer of rubber which was previously made integral with said surface while each of said textile layers was, while separate, molded in a cylindrical or other convex curvilineal form.

123. The integral combination of two layers of the same curvihneal molded formone of rubber, or other elastic substance, and the other of textile or other suitable flexible material, referably impregnated with rubber and vu canized, the convex surface of the rubber layer and the concave surface of the textile layer made to assume reverse curve previous to their integral union by cement, vulcanizing or other suitable integral means, and the resulting compound layer reversed in use.

1 124. The integral combination of two a u ber or other elastic surface and both of the same curvilineal molded form, the convex surface of one layerand the concave surface of the other layer made to assume a reverse curve previous to their integral union b cement' or such other means as will not disturb the compacted condition of rubber.

125. The integral combination of two layers of textile material, the outer surface of each of which is provided with an integral la er of rubber, or other elastic substance, w ich was previously made integral with said surface as a convex covering while each textile layer was, while separate, made to assume a cylindrical or other convex curvilineal form, the one layer with its fibers running a proximately diagonally with those of the ot er layer.

126. In curved bands, tubing or other vessels, the inte ral combination, by cement or other suitable 'means, of two ayers of yers of flexible material, each having a- 

